The heavily Republican-led Indiana Senate on Thursday rejected a mid-decade redistricting plan aimed at giving the state two additional GOP U.S. House members in a sharp rebuke to President Donald Trump’s pressure to try to help maintain a congressional majority in next year’s midterm elections.

Needing 25 votes for passage, only 19 Indiana state senators backed the plan, which the Indiana House had already approved, as 31 senators rejected it. The remap was designed to extend Indiana’s 7-2 GOP U.S. House delegation to 9-0 Republican. The state Senate chamber comprises 40 Republicans and 10 Democrats, meaning a majority of its GOP caucus sided against the rare mid-decade redistricting push.

Illinois played a role in the debate. Supporters of the effort cited Democratic-led states, such as Illinois, to argue that Indiana needed to act because heavily partisan congressional boundaries have denied the GOP proper representation in Washington, D.C. Illinois’ current map has resulted in a 14-3 Democratic House majority in its congressional delegation.

Led by Gov. JB Pritzker, Illinois Democrats had been awaiting the outcome of the Indiana vote, warning that Illinois was ready to respond by redrawing its own boundaries to try to squeeze out at least one additional Democratic U.S. House district if Indiana Republicans had approved the new map. For now, it appears Illinois will stand down in that effort.

“Our neighbors in Indiana have stood up to Trump’s threats and political pressure, instead choosing to do what’s right for their constituents and our democracy,” Pritzker said in a statement on X. “Illinois will remain vigilant against his map rigging — our efforts to respond and stop his campaign are being heard.”

Democratic Illinois House Speaker Emanuel “Chris” Welch described Indiana Republicans who voted against the remap as “courageous” and said they “rightly stood up to Donald Trump’s gerrymandering schemes.”

“To protect and preserve our Republic, we need more Republicans across the country to stand up and fight back against Trump and MAGA’s tyranny,” Welch said in a statement. “In Illinois, we remain vigilant and committed to protecting our democracy.”

But Republican Indiana Gov. Mike Braun, who pushed the remap effort at Trump’s behest, said he was “very disappointed that a small group of misguided State Senators have partnered with Democrats to reject this opportunity to protect Hoosiers with fair maps and to reject the leadership of President Trump.”

“Ultimately, decisions like this carry political consequences,” Braun warned in a statement on X, echoing Trump’s comments that Republicans who opposed the remap might face Trump-backed opponents in next year’s primary. “I will be working with the President to challenge these people who do not represent the best interests of Hoosiers.”

The vote in Indianapolis came on Indiana’s 209th anniversary of statehood and many speakers in the nearly three hours of debate sought to frame the legislature’s actions in historic tones.

The Senate sponsor of the House-passed plan, Sen. Mike Gaskill of Pendleton, contended the nation’s sharp political divisions represented a “second Civil War” as he urged Republicans in the chamber to “stand up and fight” against Democrats, telling them they could either be “Churchills” or “Chamberlains.”

“The rhetoric that we hear from the national Democrat Party is absolutely insane. I know you guys don’t support that,” he told Republican members, “but they’re riling up people to commit heinous acts. We have to stop evil right now.”

Pointing to a map of Illinois’ congressional districts, Gaskill said, “The very things they are criticizing us for doing with this (new Indiana) map, they’re doing it for their political advantage and they’re watering down your voice.”

Conservative Sen. Greg Goode of Terre Haute reflected the tensions among Republican lawmakers in deciding whether to prioritize loyalty to Trump over voters’ feelings. He declared his “love” for Trump and his team in their efforts to push for a new map, but said his constituents guided his vote against it.

Goode decried that the nation’s political polarity outside the state had “now very blatantly infiltrated the political affairs in Indiana — misinformation, cruel social media posts, over the top pressure from within this state house and outside, threats of primaries, threats of violence, acts of violence.”

“Friends, we’re better than this. Are we not?” he asked. “We can’t allow ourselves to keep getting caught up in all of this noise. We have to redirect our focus on what really matters,” and he urged his colleagues to rely on “Hoosier common sense.”

Other Republicans, while expressing their commitment to conservatism, said the map lines drawn by an out-of-state GOP consultant divided areas of common interest and pushed some rural regions into the urban Indianapolis area. The bill would have split the 1st District, currently held by U.S. Rep. Frank Mrvan, a Democrat from Highland, into two, and the 7th District, currently held by U.S. Rep. André Carson, a Democrat from Indianapolis, into four districts.

Democratic state Sen. J.D. Ford of Indianapolis said government “works best when we listen to the folks who have elected us to serve,” but he said, “this map does not do that.”

“Overwhelmingly, Hoosiers, reaching out, have said one thing, and that is that they do not, and I do not, want to live in a country where our republic is as fickle as this legislation asks it to be,” Ford said.

But Sen. Liz Brown, a Republican from Fort Wayne, contended Republicans were underrepresented in the U.S. House and that the new map was needed to ensure Indiana conservatives have a stronger voice in the nation’s capital.

“The U.S. is waiting. The U.S. is waiting to make sure that we move forward as a democratic republic, not a Socialist Democrat country,” she said.

Brown said that while critics of the redistricting contend “Hoosier voices are going to be harder to hear, without this, they’re going to be silenced because there will be no conservative voices in Washington D.C.”

Sen. Chris Garten of Charlestown was among the most vocal in saying the state’s Republicans needed to assist Trump in Washington by passing the new map.

“Make no mistake, for the last four years our country was burning. We are only now, in this last year, beginning to clear the smoke and to see the light again,” Garten said in contrasting Trump to his predecessor, Democratic President Joe Biden.

“The White House, our partners in Washington, have asked us for help. … They’ve not asked us for money and they’ve not asked us for blind loyalty. They have asked us for reinforcements,” he said. “By passing this map, we are amplifying the voice of the Hoosier value system that is currently saving this country.”

Sen. Michael Young, an Indianapolis Republican, went so far as to liken the vote for the map to Abraham Lincoln’s issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation and Harry Truman’s desegregation of the armed forces, saying they were not universally popular moves in the short term but necessary.

“I don’t want to wake up the morning after the election in November and find out we lost the (U.S) House of Representatives by one vote. If I knew that I did that, I would feel horrible,” the Republican lawmaker said. “Only a handful of districts throughout the United States will determine who controls Congress, and we may or may not do our part today to keep our nation in the hands of Republicans and to do the right things for our state.”

Trump and White House allies had spent several months trying to pressure Indiana Republicans to take up the redistricting issue against internal state GOP opposition among institutionalists who did not want to break the traditional post-federal census redrawing of districts in line with new population data.

On the Wednesday night eve of the vote, Trump complained about the reluctance of Indiana Republicans, saying other GOP-led states have embraced mid-decade redistricting “willingly, openly and easily.” He also called out the Republican Senate President pro tempore, Rodric Bray of Martinsville, as someone who “enjoys being the only person in the United States of America who is against Republicans picking up extra seats.”

Trump also encouraged primary challenges against Republicans who opposed the new map.

“Rod Bray and his friends won’t be in Politics for long, and I will do everything within my power to make sure that they will not hurt the Republican Party, and our Country, again,” he wrote. “One of my favorite States, Indiana, will be the only State in the Union to turn the Republican Party down!”

Kulkulka is a reporter for the Post-Tribune. Tribune reporter Jeremy Gorner contributed.